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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Increase the proportion of adults who do enough muscle-strengthening activity — PA‑04 Data Methodology and Measurement

On this page:  About the National Data  |  Methodology  |  History

About the National Data

Data

Data Source:  National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC/NCHS

Baseline: 31.9 percent of adults aged 18 years and over performed muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days of the week during leisure time in 2020

Target: 36.6 percent

Numerator
Number of adults aged 18 years and over who report doing leisure time physical activities specifically designed to strengthen muscles at least twice per week.
Denominator
Number of adults aged 18 years and over.
Target-setting method
Percentage point improvement
Target-setting method details
Percentage point improvement from the baseline using Cohen's h effect size of 0.10.
Target-setting method justification
Trend data were not available due to 2019 NHIS redesign. A percentage point improvement was calculated using Cohen's h effect size of 0.1. This method was used because it was a statistically significant improvement from the baseline and the Healthy People 2030 Workgroup Subject Matter Experts expected the data to move in the desired direction during the next decade.

Methodology

Questions used to obtain the national baseline data

(For additional information, please visit the data source page linked above.)

From the 2020 National Health Interview Survey:

Numerator:
How often do you do LEISURE-TIME physical activities specifically designed to STRENGTHEN your muscles such as lifting weights or doing calisthenics? (Include all such activities even if you have mentioned them before.) [If necessary, prompt with:] How many times per day, per week, per month, or per year do you do these activities?
  1. Never
  2. Unable to do this type activity
  3. _____ times per day/week/month/year
  4. Refused
  5. Don't know

Methodology notes

For this indicator, adults were classified as doing strengthening activities if they responded that they did these activities 2 to 28 times per week during their leisure time.

Age-adjustment notes

This Indicator uses Age-Adjustment Groups:

  • Total: 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, 65+
  • Sex: 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, 65+
  • Race/Ethnicity: 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, 65+
  • Educational Attainment: 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, 65+
  • Family Income (percent poverty threshold): 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, 65+
  • Family Type: 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, 65+
  • Country of Birth: 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, 65+
  • Disability Status: 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, 65+
  • Geographic Location: 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, 65+
  • Health Insurance Status: 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64
  • Sexual orientation: 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, 65+
  • Marital Status: 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, 65+

History

Comparable HP2020 objective
Modified, which includes core objectives that are continuing from HP2020 but underwent a change in measurement.
Changes between HP2020 and HP2030
This objective differs from Healthy People 2020 objective PA-2.3 in that objective PA-04 was changed due to 2019 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) redesign. The change in the 2020 baseline estimate is significantly different and does not align with previous years trend.
Revision History
  • Revised. 

    In 2022, this objective was revised due to the 2019 NHIS redesign. The baseline was revised from 27.6% in 2018 to 31.9% in 2020. The target setting method was changed from projection to percentage point improvement. The target was revised from 32.1% to 36.6% using the new target setting method
  • Revised. 

    In 2024, the following categories were recalculated with the use of a newer variable: Never married, American Indian or Alaska Native only, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander only, 2 or more races only, Not Hispanic or Latino American Indian or Alaska Native only, Not Hispanic or Latino Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander only, Not Hispanic or Latino 2 or more races only. Estimates from data year 2022 or earlier may vary slightly from estimates previously reported. The baseline, baseline year and target were not affected.